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LL-TEQ™

Case Studies

Documented projects across multiple continents — municipal roads, industrial routes, strategic infrastructure, trails in sensitive environments. LL field data 2012–2024.

LL-TEQ-stabilized heavy haul road — Rockford, Illinois

Featured freeze-thaw case — Rockford, Illinois · Oct 2018

EIGHT WINTERS, ≈720 FREEZE-THAW CYCLES — ZERO STRUCTURAL DEFECT

Heavy haul road in the Rock River valley (Winnebago County) — glacial outwash sand and gravel with fine interbeds. A 150 mm unified LL-TEQ layer formed in place by soil stabilization, integrating the existing crushed granular base. Sustained heavy traffic, cumulative ESAL estimated between 700,000 and 1,000,000 (AASHTO method).

About 90 freeze-thaw cycles per year — among the highest in the dossier — and three extreme events weathered (January 2019 polar vortex, December 2022 Storm Elliott, severe March 2026 rain-freeze cycle). Engineer-of-Record inspection in April 2026, after eight winters: no cracking, no frost heave, no delamination, no potholes, no rutting.

Freeze-thaw durability

North American sites inspected after 8 to 10 winters

Municipal · Benton Harbor, Michigan · May 2017

Two-lane municipal roadway — 9 winters

Type
Local road · 150 mm unified LL-TEQ in place (recycled asphalt and base)
Soil
Glacial clay — comparable to St. Lawrence Lowlands clays
Outcome
≈770 freeze-thaw cycles over 9 winters · Lake Michigan lake-effect · 0 defect (EOR inspection Apr 2026) · sealant 2024
Municipal · Alexandria, Virginia · Jun 2017

Two-lane municipal roadway — 9 winters

Type
Local road · 150 mm unified LL-TEQ via cold recycling
Soil
Highly plastic expansive marine clay, Potomac tidal water table — Champlain-clay behaviour
Outcome
≈405 freeze-thaw cycles over 9 winters · 0 defect (EOR inspection Apr 2026) · no sealant
Heavy haul · Rockford, Illinois · Oct 2018

Heavy haul road — 8 winters

Type
Heavy-traffic collector · 150 mm unified LL-TEQ via in-place stabilization · ESAL 700k–1M
Soil
Rock River valley — glacial outwash sand and gravel with fine interbeds
Outcome
≈720 freeze-thaw cycles over 8 winters (≈90/yr, among the highest in the dossier) · 0 defect (EOR inspection Apr 2026)
Recreational · Glenview, Illinois · Aug 2018

Park access road & parking lots — 8 winters

Type
Local access & parking · 150 mm unified LL-TEQ via cold recycling
Soil
Riparian floodplain silty soil, high water table — comparable to St. Lawrence Lowlands clays
Outcome
≈576 freeze-thaw cycles over 8 winters · 0 defect (EOR inspection Apr 2026) · no sealant
Industrial corridor · East Chicago, Indiana · Oct 2018

Industrial-corridor arterial — 8 winters

Type
Arterial · 150 mm unified LL-TEQ via in-place stabilization · ESAL > 1M
Soil
Steel-slag fill over glaciolacustrine clay and silt, high water table — south Lake Michigan shore
Outcome
≈536 freeze-thaw cycles over 8 winters · 0 defect (EOR inspection Apr 2026) · sealant 2023
Heavy haul · Elgin, Illinois · Sep 2018

Heavy haul road — 8 winters

Type
Heavy-traffic collector · 150 mm unified LL-TEQ via in-place stabilization · ESAL 700k–1M
Soil
Fox River valley — silty till, loam and sandy outwash, frost-susceptible
Outcome
≈576 freeze-thaw cycles over 8 winters · 2023 patches from site changes (not the system), uniform re-cohesion · 0 defect (EOR inspection Apr 2026)
Military · Bridgeport, California (≈2,070 m) · Jul 2016

High-altitude military airstrip & site roadways — 10 winters

Type
Arterial airstrip & roadways · 200 mm unified LL-TEQ via in-place stabilization · ESAL > 1M
Soil
Alluvial valley fill, sandy-silty glacial-outwash gravel — Sierra Nevada east slope
Outcome
≈1,720 freeze-thaw cycles over 10 winters (≈172/yr, the most demanding in the dossier) · atmospheric rivers and record snowpack · 0 defect (EOR inspection Apr 2026) · sealant maintained
Recreational · Big Bear Lake, California (≈2,050 m) · Jun 2019

Mountain ski-resort access road — 7 winters

Type
Local mountain road · 150 mm unified LL-TEQ in place (crushed gravel and decomposed granite integrated)
Soil
Decomposed granite with clayey fines over crushed gravel — moisture pockets, frost behaviour like St. Lawrence Lowlands soils
Outcome
≈1,070 freeze-thaw cycles over 7 winters (≈153/yr, high mountain ≈2,050 m) · heavy chloride winter maintenance, heavy plows · 0 defect (EOR inspection Apr 2026) · no sealant
Municipal · Bessemer, Alabama · Apr 2016

Two-lane municipal roadway — 10 winters (oldest in the dossier)

Type
Two-lane local road · ≈150 mm unified LL-TEQ via cold recycling (asphalt and aggregate integrated)
Soil
Jefferson County silty soil, high cool-season humidity, ≈1,300 mm/yr rainfall — St. Lawrence Lowlands clay-type behaviour
Outcome
≈360 freeze-thaw cycles over 10 winters · EF3 tornado 2021, 2022 flash flood, 2022 arctic cold wave · 0 defect (EOR inspection Apr 2026) · sealant maintained
USMC 29 Palms SELF — completed airfield

Featured strategic case — USMC Twenty-Nine Palms, California — June 2024

35,300 m² STRATEGIC AIRFIELD IN 4 DAYS

Stabilization of a Strategic Expeditionary Landing Field (SELF) certified for C-17 and C-130 aircraft. A competitor product had failed on the same site. LL-TEQ corrected the failure and built 35,300 m² of taxiway, apron, and refueling centre in four days. The conventional solution would have taken roughly two months.

39 Marine Engineers trained on-site.

Civil & Environmental

Municipal roads, trails, and sensitive ecosystems

Trail · Menlo Park, CA · May 2024

Ravenswood Trail — Bedwell Bayfront Park

Type
Multi-use trail on decomposed granite
Soil
Decomposed granite
Outcome
3,700 m² · Non-toxic formulation for San Francisco Bay proximity · Adjacent to Meta campus
Heavy Haul · Arizona · Jun–Jul 2020

Desert Heavy Haul Access Road Network

Type
Heavy haul access road stabilization
Soil
-3/4" road base + native sandy soil ("blow sand")
Outcome
22.5 km (209,000 m²) · Prevented big rigs from getting stuck · Eliminated dust-suppression water trucks
Mining · Panama · Jan 2019

Copper Mine — Heavy Haul Access Road

Type
Heavy haul road stabilization at copper mine
Soil
-3/4" road base + Native Soil
Outcome
Heavy haul road achieved · Washout and dust eliminated · Mine efficiency improved
Pilot Project · Lira, Uganda · Apr 2012

Uganda National Road Authority — UNRA Pilot

Type
Treatment of gravel rural roads — laterite
Soil
Native Laterite
Outcome
Product installed in 67 min · Full construction in 3.5 hrs · Officially approved by UNRA Nov 19, 2013

Military & Aviation

Validated under the most demanding conditions in the world

USMC · Twenty-Nine Palms, CA · Jun 2024

Strategic Expeditionary Landing Field (SELF)

Type
SELF stabilization — C-17, C-130 capable
Soil
100% Native Soil
Outcome
35,300 m² in 4 days · 39 Marines trained · Phase 2: 53,000 m²
USMC · Northern California · Sep 2024

Expeditionary Landing Strip Rehabilitation

Type
C-130 & C-17 runway rehabilitation
Soil
Native Soil
Outcome
41,000 m² · 2 weeks · Remote — no cell service, no fuel on-site
USMC · MCAS Yuma, AZ · Nov 2022

FARP & Helipad Operations Base

Type
Airfield stabilization
Soil
75% Native Sand, 25% Asphalt Millings
Outcome
44,600 m² · MV-22 and rotary aircraft
USMC · Yuma, AZ · Oct 2020

Assault Landing Zone — Desert Runway

Type
Desert runway and apron stabilization
Soil
100% Native Soil
Outcome
62,700 m² · KC-130, MV-22, and rotary aircraft certified
USAF · Djibouti, Africa · Jul 2020

Aircraft Taxiway & Shelter Flooring

Type
Taxiway and shelter flooring
Soil
-3/4" Aggregate Base Course
Outcome
23,400 m² · International airport · Completed for Operation Flintlock
USMC · Twenty-Nine Palms, CA · Sep 2019

Assault Landing Zone — Multi-Aircraft Training Runway

Type
Multi-aircraft training runway stabilization
Soil
Base Course + Native Soil
Outcome
45,200 m² · First of its kind for US Marine Corps · FOD elimination
USAF National Guard · Chad, Africa · Dec 2016

Aircraft Taxiway — N'Djamena International Airport

Type
Aviation taxiway — international runway
Soil
6" of 3/4" minus base course
Outcome
7,500 m² · Operation Flintlock 2017 · Completed in 2.5 days despite major equipment challenges
USAF AFSOC · Mocoron, Honduras · Sep 2015

Expeditionary Airfield — Runway & Apron

Type
Aviation soil stabilization and paving
Soil
In-situ sand & clay with river rocks & gravel
Outcome
46,000 m² · C-17 @204,000 kg certified · Counter-drug SPMAGTF-SC operations
USMC · Honolulu, Hawaii · Jul 2016

Pu'uloa Rifle Range — Haul Road

Type
Military haul road stabilization
Soil
-1" base course aggregate
Outcome
13,400 m² · Eliminated dust and washouts · Long-term stabilization confirmed
39Countries deployed
4 days35,300 m² USMC airfield
22.5 kmArizona desert haul road, one season
3.5 hrsFull construction, Uganda pilot (UNRA approved)

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